Dhaawaca Madaxa iyo Hababka kale ee Sawirka Pathology Intra-Cranial Pathology

Dhaawaca Madaxa: Jabka madaxa

• XOGTA DHAAWACA MADAXA: Caan ka ah HABKA DHAAWACYADA MADAXDA. FX FX AYAA BADAN U FIICAN ARRIMAHA KALE EE DHISAN: Dhiig-baxa-CARANIAL-KA DHEX-DHEXEEYA, Dhaawaca Maskaxda ee Xidhan iyo Dhibaatooyin kale oo Halis ah
• X-rays-yada dhafoorka ayaa ah kuwa duugoobay marka la qiimeeyo dhaawaca madaxa. CT SCANNING W/O CONTRAST waa tillaabada ugu horeysa ee ugu muhimsan ee qiimaynta madax xun TRAUMA. MRI HASA IYADOO FIIRO GAAR AH SI AY U SOO BANDHIGTO JABAN MADAXDA , OO AAN SI CAR AH LOO ISTICMAALIN DX bilow ah oo madax ba'an TRAUMA.
• FX SKULL waxa loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin FXS OF SKULL VAULT, SALDHIGA AQOONTA IYO Qalfoofka Wajiga Mid Kasta Oo La Xiriira Sifooyin Gaar Ah Iyo Caawinta Saadaasha Dhibaatooyinka
• LINEAR SKULL FX: SKULL VAULT. M/C FX. Scanning CT waa furaha lagu qiimeeyo dhiigbaxa halbowlaha ah
• X-RAY DDX: SUTURES VS. LINEAR SKULL FX. FX waa ka khafiifsan yahay, madaw
• RX: HADDII UUSAN DHIIG INDHAQAAL AH AAN LA DAAWAYN. DARYEELKA NUURSURIGA HADDII UU DHIIG KA GO'DO CT Scanning

• FX AQOONSI NUUQA: 75% ayaa ku jira khasnadda. WUXUU DHICI KARAA. U fiirsaday FX FURAN. Kiisaska badankoodu waxay u baahan yihiin Neefta-neurosurgicalle-ka-soo-baxa Khaasatan NAFKA Niyad-jabsan > 1-CM. DHIBAATOOYINKA: Dhaawaca xididdada dhiigga/HEMATAMAS, Pneumocephalus, meningitis, TBI, CSF LEAK, Maskaxda Herniation IWM.
• Sawirka: CT SCANNING W/O CONTRAST

• BASILAR SKULL FX: WUXUU DHICI KARAA. INTA BADAN OO ay weheliso dhaawacyada kale ee ugu waaweyn ee madaxa ee VAULT IYO FACIALSKELETON, BADAN oo leh TBI iyo dhiigbaxa MAJORINTRACRANIAL Inta badan waxa ay u dhacdaa sida �MADAX MADAXA SAAMAYNTA IYO Kacsanaanta Makaanikada ee ay soo maraan lafaha ku meel gaarka ah ee loo maro Sphenoid iyo Saldhigga kale ee lafaha madaxa. Kliinikada: INDHAHA RACCOON, CALAAMADAHA BATTEL, CSFRHINO/OTORRHEA.

Jabka wajiga

• LAfaha sanka FX: 45%. X-rays 80% xasaasi ah, oo ay ku xigto CT INCOMPLEX DHAAWACYADA.
• ORBITAL AFKA FX: DHAAWAC DHAAWAC AH D/T SAAMEYNTA CAALAMKA IYO/AMA LAFAHA AF-AFKA. FX EE Dabaqa ORBITAL EE INTOMAXILLARY SINUS VS. Darbiga Dhexdhexaadka ah ee ETHMOID SINUS. DHIBAATOOYINKA: DAWLADAHA DHEX-DHEXEEYA M, FAT PROLAPSEORBITAL, FURSAD JACAYL, dhiigbax iyo dhaawac neerfaha indhaha. RX: Walaacaha dhaawaca GLOBE waa muhiim, guud ahaan waxaa loola dhaqmaa si taxadar leh haddii aysan jirin dhibaatooyin

• TRIPOD FX: 2ND M/C FACIAL FX#NASASALKA KA DIB (40% MIDFACEFX) 3-DALBEED FX-ZYGOMATICARCH, HABKA ORBITAL LAFAHA ZYGOMATIC Scanning CT aad ayay u xog badan tahay raajada
• LEFORT FX: XAFLADA XANUUNKA AH MAR WALBA WAXAY KU lug leedahay Taarikada PTERYGOID, SUURTAGGA KALA SOOCAYNTA DHEXDHEXDEEDA IYO NIDAAMKA ALVEOLAR EE ILKAHA LAGU SOO SAARO MADAXDA. WALWLAD: MADHIGAHA HAWADA, HEMOSTASIS, DHAAWACYADA NERVES. Scanning CT ayaa loo baahan yahay. HALISTA SUURTAGALKA AH EE BASILAR SKULL FX

• PING-PONG FX:GAAR AHAAN CARUURTA. FX D/T FOCALDEPRESSION OO AAN DHAMEYSIN: KEYDKA CIIDANKA, SHAQO ADAG IWM. FOCALTRABECULAR MICROFRACTURIING KA BIXIYADA Niyad-jabka U eg APING-PONG. DX inta badan waxa loo daaweeyaa sidii ciladaha xudunta u ah �Niyad-jabka CAADIGAN NEUROLOGICALY FOG. CT ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku caawiso haddii laga shakiyo dhaawaca maskaxda. RX: U fiirsasho VS. qaliin ISKU-KAAABKA ISKU-KAAABKA ayaa la soo sheegay

• CYSTKA LEPTOMININGEAL (GARAWING SKULL FX) - WAA jeex jeexan oo weyn oo ka soo baxa ku xiga ENCEPHALOMALACIA
• MA ahan CYST, laakiin waa Kordhinta THEENCEPHALAMALACIA oo lagu arkay dhowr bilood oo dhaawac ah oo hore ula soo baxay Herniation ee meninges iyo ADJACENTBRAIN oo leh muuqaalo CSF ​​ah. CT ayaa ugu Fiican ATDX Cudurkan. WAXAY TILMAAMAY: XOGTA KORAYSA IYO ENCEPHALOMALACIA OO KU HORSEEDA INAY AHAYN LESION FOCALHYPOATTENUating.
• Kliinikada: balaadhinta KALVARIAL, XANUUN, CALAAMADAHA NUUROLOJIGA AH/XANUUNKA. RX: LA tashiga Neerfaha ayaa loo baahan yahay
• DDX: Unugyada GALINTA/METS/XANUUNKA KALE EE NEOPLASSINTO, tusaale, infekshanka IWM.

• FXS MANDIBULAR: GUUD Si Suurtagal Ah Ayaa Loo Tixgaliyay FX FURAN D/T INTRA-ORALEXTENSION. 40% FOCAL FOCAL PRESSIONAL IN UU GAARAAN NOQDO. SAAMAYN toos ah (Weerarka) M/C farsamoyaqaanka
• XANUUNKA XANUUNKA FX D/T LAfaha neoplasms, caabuqa IWM. IATROGENIC INTA LAGU SAMEEYO ILKAHA
• Sawirka: raajada MANDIBLE, PANOREX, CT Scanning ESP. Kiisaska URURKA/Dhaawaca madaxa
• DHIBAATOOYINKA: JOOJINTA HAWDADA HAWADA, HEMOSTASIS waa tixgalin weyn, waxyeello loo geysto MANDIBULAR N, Osteomyelitis/cellulites iyo Suurtagalnimada ku faafidda sagxada AFKA LAMA DAYAC KARO D/T HEERARKA DHIMATADA SARE.
• RX: Conservative VS. SHAQAYSI

Dhiigbaxa Intracranial oo Ba'an

• EPI AKA EXTRADURAL: EDH CT Scanning waa furaha DX: waxay soo bandhigaysaa sida �LENTIFORM� ie BICONVEX COLLECTION OF CUTE (HYPERDENSE) DHIIG AAN AAN ISKU DHACAYN OO KA CAAWINAYA DDX OF HIMATOMA SUBDURAL. Kliinikada: HA, LUCID EPISODE BILOWGII IYO HORUMARAY SAACADAHA YAR GUDOOD O/ADUUNKA FIICAN HADDII SI DEGDEG AH LOOGU SOO BARO.
• SUBDURAL HEMATOMA (SDH): KUURKA XIDIGAHA DURA GUDAHA IYO ARACHNOIDKA. Waxa laga yaabaa inay si gaar ah u saamayso ciyaalka aadka u yar iyo waayeelka iyo da' walba (MVA, Falls IWM) waxa laga yaabaa inay ku soo kordho DX waxa laga yaabaa in uu dib u dhigo oo uu ka sii daro saadaasha aadka u sarreeya. Dhaawaca madaxa waayeel waxa laga yaabaa inuu yar yahay ama aan dib loo soo celin. HOR U ARAGTIDA CT-du waa muhiim. Waxay soo bandhigaysaa sidii ururin qaabaysan oo ka gudbi kara suutures laakiin ay ku joogsato dib-u-eegis joogto ah. KA duwanaansho ku saabsan CT D/T HARAABOOYIN KALA DUWAN EE DHIIGGA: CUTE, SUBACUTE, IYO CHRONIC. WAXAY SAMEYN kartaa ururin dabadheeraad ah - CYSTICHYGROMA. Kliinikada: Soo bandhigid KALA DUWAN, 45-60% Joogta ah oo leh XAALADA CNS ee aadka u Niyad jabsan, sinnaan la'aanta ardada. BADAN OO LAGU JIRO MASKAXDA UGU HORREEYA, KA DIBNA MUUQAAL FIICAN KA HOR INTAAN SI AAD U DARDAARNIN. 30% kiisas ah bukaanada dhaawaca maskaxda ee dilaaga ah ayaa helay SDH. RX: Neefta Neefta ee Degdega ah.

• Dhiig-baxa SUBARACHNOID (SAH): DHIIGGA MEESHA SUB-ARACHNOID-KA INTAAS KA DHACDAY DHIBAATOOYINKA DHIBAATADA AMA AAN DHIIG-NIINKA AH: BERRY ANEURYSMS KU GEERIYOOYINKA WILLIS.SAH 3% dhufaannada, 5% garaaca wadnaha wadnaha. Madax xanuun PT WUXUU BURBUR KARAA AMA MA SOO CELIN KARO MIYIR. PATHOGY: DHIIG BADBAADIN INSA SPACE 1) SUPRASELLAR CISTERN OO KORDHINTA DHEX-DHEXAYSA, 2) PERIMESENCEPHALIC, 3) CISTERNS BASAL. DHIIGA U SOO BAXAY SA SPACE CADAADIN HOOSOOMEED OO KEENA KORDHINTA CAALAMKA EE CADAADADA INDHAQAALAHA, ISCHEMIA CAALAMIGA AH OO UGU DARSAN VASOSPASM IYO ISBEDELKA KALE.
• DX: sawirid: CT AQOONSIGA DEGDEGGA AH W/O CONTRAST, CT ANGIOGRAPHY waxa laga yaabaa inay caawiso in la xukumo 99% ee SAH. LUMBAR PUNCURE WAXAY KA CAAWIN kartaa soo jeedinta dib u dhacday. KADIB DX
• MUUQAALAHA MUUQAALKA AH: DHIIGGA CUNTADA AH waa dhiigkarka CT. Waxaa laga helay unugyo kala duwan: PERIMESENCEPHALIC, SUPRASELLA, BASAL, ventricles,
• RX. XANUUNKA NUURSURIGA IYO HORUMAR KALE.

CNS Neoplasms: Beign vs. Malignant

• Burooyinka Maskaxda Waxay ka dhigan tahay 2% DHAMMAAN KANSARKA. Seddex meelood hal meel waa xummad, kuwaas oo nabarada Maskaxda ee Metastatic yihiin kuwa ugu badan.
• Kliinikada oo joogta ah oo leh cillado aan caadi ahayn, ICP oo kordhay, Dhiig-baxa INTRACEREBRAL IWM. FAMILIALSYNDROMES: VON-HIPPEL-LANDAU, TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS, TURCOT SYNDROME, NF1 & NF2 waxay kordhiyaan khatarta. CARUURTA: M/C Astrocytomas, EPENDYMOMAS, PNETNEOPLASMS (tusaale MEDULLOBLASTOMA) IWM. DX: OO KU SALAYSAN CIDDA KALA SOOCAYNTA.
• Dadka waaweyn: M/C BENIGN NEOPLASM: MENINGIOMA. M/C HOOSE: GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME (GBM) GAAR AHAAN KA TIRSAN SABABABA, MELANOMA, IYO NAASAHA. KUWA KALE: CNS LYMPHOMA
• SAWIRRADA WAA MUHIIM: CALAAMADAHA ugu horraysa waxay u soo ban dhigi karaan suuxdin, calamadaha ICP HA. WAXAA LAGU QIIMEEYAY CT IYO MRI OO LAGU SAMEEYO IV GADOLInium.
• GO'aaminta sawirka: INTRA-AXIAL VS. AXIALNEOPLASMS EXTRA-AXIAL. WAXAY KULA KULMEYSAA INUU KA BOGO GARABKA MASKAXDA AASAAmiga ah
• XUSUUSIN AXIAL CT SLICE OF MeningiOMA oo leh kobcinta AVIDContrast.
• AXIAL MRI OO KU SAABSAN TAXANAHA FULSE EE FILAIRKA AYAA SOO BANDHIGAY NEOPLASM BAAR AH IYO BARRUURTA CYTOTOXIC EE MASKAXDA SIFAACA FASALKA IV GLIOMA (GBM) OO leh BAROOSIN AAD U FIICAN. KOR SAWIRKA MIDIG FOG: AXIAL MRI FLAIR: BRAIN METASTASIS KAANKA NAASAHA. MELANOMA waa caadi METASTASIZESTO maskaxda (eeg shaybaarka tubbada) MRI AYAA NOQON KARAA D/T calaamad sare oo T1 ah iyo kor u qaadida isbarbardhigga.
• RX: Neefsiyaha, Shucaaca, Kaneecada, Farsamooyinka Ka-hortagga Cudurrada ayaa soo baxaya

Bararka CNS Pathology

Caabuqyada CNS

• BACTERIAL
• MYCOBACTERIAL
• FUNGAL
• VIRAL
• PASITIC